Fallacy  (Logical).
Two forms: (1) Formal – violates rules of Syllogism; (2) Informal (or material) – of relevance or of ambiguity.
(a) Fallacies of relevance:
     Argumentum ad misericordiam (appeal to pity).


A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, Second Edition, Richard A. Lanham, 1991

Fallacy  (Logical).
Two forms: (1) Formal – violates rules of Syllogism; (2) Informal (or material) – of relevance or of ambiguity.
(a) Fallacies of relevance:
     Argumentum ad ignorantiam (argue that a proposition is true because it has never been proved false).


A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, Second Edition, Richard A. Lanham, 1991

Fallacy  (Logical).
Two forms: (1) Formal – violates rules of Syllogism; (2) Informal (or material) – of relevance or of ambiguity.
(a) Fallacies of relevance:
     Argumentum ad hominem (disparage the character of the speaker, instead of attacking his arguments).


A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, Second Edition, Richard A. Lanham, 1991

Fallacy  (Logical).
Two forms: (1) Formal – violates rules of Syllogism; (2) Informal (or material) – of relevance or of ambiguity.
(a) Fallacies of relevance:
     Argumentum ad baculum (appeal to force).


A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, Second Edition, Richard A. Lanham, 1991

Exuscitatio (ex us ci TA ti o; L. "awakening, arousing").
Emotional utterance that seeks to move hearers to a like feeling.

Here is Thomas Dekker, urging on us the pleasures of country life:
Hast thou a desire to rule, get up to the mountains, and thou shalt see the greatest trees stand trembling before thee to do thee reverence, those maist thou call thy Nobles....Wouldest thou behold battles? Step into the fields, there shalt thou see excellent combats between the standing Corn and the Winds. Art thou a tyrant and delightest in the fall of the Great Ones? Muster then thy Harvesters together, and down with those proud Summer Lords. (The Pelican Book of English Prose, 1.261)


A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, Second Edition, Richard A. Lanham, 1991